martedì 26 giugno 2007
Corona ha vinto?
lunedì 25 giugno 2007
Paris Hilton Wonder Woman!
Viaggiare per Sesso? Ecco le Informazioni!
lunedì 18 giugno 2007
Come Sbagliare
Secondo l'autore, fare errori è la chiave per progredire, per crescere. Lui stesso ci dice:
"A volte, ovviamente, è importante non fare alcun errore - pensat ad un chirurgo o a un pilota di aerei. pochi però ricosconono che ci sono momenti in cui fare errori diventa il segreto del successo. Non sto pensando al famoso detto, 'chi non risica non rosica,' perchè non mostra i potenziali vantaggi non solo di rischiare di fare degli errori, ma proprio di commetterli, anche se la massima incoraggia una prospettiva più positiva verso il rischio. Invece di evitare gli errori, dovreste coltivare un'abitudine precisa: farli. Invece di nascondere a voi stessi il fatto di aver fatto un errore, dovreste diventare un profondo conoscitore dei vostri sbagli. Pensateli come se fossero un'opera d'arte e in realtà, in un certo senso, lo sono. Dovete cercare le opportunità di fari grossi errori, per poter poi rialzarvi e continuare.
Gli errori non sono solo opportunità d'oro per imparare: sono, in un certo senso, l'unico modo per imparare qualcosa di veramente nuovo.'
Provare e riprovare: sbagliare, cadere, rialzarsi. Questo è uno dei segreti per andare fino in fondo e raggiungere i propri obiettivi, qualsiasi siano. Senza rischi, non si arriva lontano, perchè si cercherà sempre la strada più facile. E' la più battuta, è vero, ma sarà anche molto affollata, e non porterà dove vogliamo andare. Se non si fallisce, non si potrà arrivare al successo, al compimento della propria impresa, piccola o grande. Significa che non rischiamo fino in fondo e non abbiamo spinto noi stessi oltre i nostri limiti: nessuno è perfetto, tutti commettono errori. cercare di non commetterne, e soprattutto, cercare di evitarli, significa stare fermi, e rendere possibilmente la vita monotona.
Una volta trovato l'obiettivo, rischiate e sbagliate: sembra un controsenso, ma è veramente un'ottima ricetta di crescita personale, per arrivare dove vogliamo, con consapevolezza e determinazione.
E' molto più pericoloso accorgersi un giorno di non aver raggiunto quello che desideravamo nella vita; il rimpianto ci accompagnerà per sempre. Gli errori invece ci faranno strada e un giorno ne rideremo, consapevoli che erano i ciottoli su cui dovevamo camminare per arrivare alla destinazione.
How to Make Mistakes
How Things Are, J. Brockman and K. Matson, eds., William Morrow and Company, New York, 1995. pp. 137-144.
Daniel C. Dennett
Making mistakes is the key to making progress. There are times, of course, when it is important not to make any mistakes--ask any surgeon or airline pilot. But it is less widely appreciated that there are also times when making mistakes is the secret of success. What I have in mind is not just the familiar wisdom of nothing ventured, nothing gained. While that maxim encourages a healthy attitude towards risk, it doesn't point to the positive benefits of not just risking mistakes, but actually of making them. Instead of shunning mistakes, I claim, you should cultivate the habit of making them. Instead of turning away in denial when you make a mistake, you should become a connoisseur of your own mistakes, turning them over in your mind as if they were works of art, which in a way they are. You should seek out opportunities to make grand mistakes, just so you can then recover from them.
First the theory, and then the practice. Mistakes are not just golden opportunities for learning; they are, in an important sense, the only opportunity for learning something truly new. Before there can be learning, there must be learners. These learners must either have evolved themselves or have been designed and built by learners that evolved. Biological evolution proceeds by a grand, inexorable process of trial and error--and without the errors the trials wouldn't accomplish anything. This is true wherever there is a design process, no matter how clever or stupid the designer. Whatever the question or design problem is, if you don't already know the answer (because someone else figured it out already and you peeked, or because God told you), the only way to come up with the answer is to take some creative leaps in the dark and be informed by the results. You, who know a lot--but just not the answer to the question at hand--can take leaps somewhat guided from the outset by what you already know; you may not be just guessing at random.
For evolution, which knows nothing, the leaps into novelty are blindly taken by mutations, which are copying "errors" in the DNA. Most of these are fatal errors, in fact. Since the vast majority of mutations are harmful, the process of natural selection actually works to keep the mutation rate very low. Fortunately for us, it does not achieve perfect success, for if it did, evolution would eventually grind to a halt, its sources of novelty dried up. That tiny blemish, that "imperfection" in the process, is the source of all the wonderful design and complexity in the living world.
The fundamental reaction to any mistake ought to be this: "Well, I won't do that again!" Natural selection takes care of this "thought" by just wiping out the goofers before they can reproduce. Something with a similar selective force--the behaviorists called it "negative reinforcement"--must operate in the brain of any animal that can learn not to make that noise, touch that wire, or eat that food. We human beings carry matters to a much more swift and efficient level. We can actually think the thought, reflecting on what we have just done. And when we reflect, we confront directly the problem that must be solved by any mistake-maker: what, exactly, is that? What was it about what I just did that got me into all this trouble? The trick is to take advantage of the particular details of the mess you've made, so that your next attempt will be informed by it, and not be just another blind stab in the dark. In which direction should the next attempt be launched, given that this attempt failed?
At its simplest, this is a technique we learned in grade school. Recall how strange and forbidding long division seemed at first: you were confronted by two imponderably large numbers, and you had to figure out how to start. Does the divisor go into the dividend six or seven or eight times? Who knew? You didn't have to know; you just had to take a stab at it, whichever number you liked, and check the result. I remember being almost shocked when I was told I should start by just "making a guess". Wasn't this mathematics? You weren't supposed to play guessing games in such a serious business, were you? But eventually I came to appreciate the beauty of the tactic. If the chosen number turned out to be too small, you increased it and started over; if too large, you decreased it. The good thing about long division was that it always worked, even if you were maximally stupid in making your first choice, in which case it just took a little longer.
This general technique of making a more-or-less educated guess, working out its implications, and using the result to make a correction for the next phase has found many applications. Navigators, for instance, determine their position at sea by first making a guess about where they are. They make a guess about exactly--to the nearest mile--what their latitude and longitude are, and then work out how high in the sky the sun would appear to be if that were (by an incredible coincidence) their actual position. Then they measure the actual elevation angle of the sun, and compare the two values. With a little more trivial calculation, this tells them how big a correction, and in what direction, to make to their initial guess. It is useful to make a good guess the first time, but it doesn't matter that it is bound to be mistaken; the important thing is to make the mistake, in glorious detail, so you have something serious to correct.
The more complex the problem, of course, the more difficult the analysis is. This is known to researchers in Artificial Intelligence as the problem of "credit assignment" (it could as well be called blame assignment). Many AI programs are designed to "learn," to adjust themselves when they detect that their performance has gone awry, but figuring out which features of the program to credit and which to blame is one of the knottiest problems in AI. It is also a major problem--or at least a source of doubt and confusion--in evolutionary theory. Every organism on earth dies sooner or later after one complicated life story or another. How on earth could natural selection see through the fog of all these details in order to discern the huge complex of positive and negative factors and "reward" the good and "punish" the bad? Can it really be that some of our ancestors' siblings died childless because their eyelids were the wrong shape? If not, how could the process of natural selection explain why our eyelids came to have the nifty shape that they do?
One technique for easing the credit assignment problem is to build mistake-opportunities into a "hierarchy"--a sort of pyramid of levels, with a safety net at each step. By and large, don't mess with the parts that are already working well, and take your risks opportunistically. That is, plan your project so that at each step you can check for error and take a remedial path. Then you can be bold in execution, ready to take advantage of unlikely success and ready to cope gracefully with likely failure. This is a technique that stage magicians--at least the best of them--exploit with amazing results. (I don't expect to incur the wrath of the magicians for revealing this trick to you, since this is not a particular trick but a deep general principle.) A good card magician knows many tricks that depend on luck--they don't always work, or even often work. There are some effects--they can hardly be called tricks--that might work only once in a thousand times! But here is what you do. You start by telling the audience you are going to perform a trick, and without telling them what trick you are doing, you go for the one-in-a-thousand effect. It almost never works, of course, so you glide seamlessly into a second try, for an effect that works about one time in a hundred, perhaps. When it too fails (as it almost always will) you slide into effect #3, which only works about one time in ten, so you'd better be ready with effect #4 which works half the time (let's say), and if all else fails (and by this time, usually one of the earlier safety nets will have kept you out of this worst case), you have a failsafe effect, which won't impress the crowd very much but at least it's a surefire trick. In the course of a whole performance, you will be very unlucky indeed if you always have to rely on your final safety net, and whenever you achieve one of the higher-flying effects, the audience will be stupefied. "Impossible! How on earth could you have known that was my card?" Aha! You didn't know, but you had a cute way of taking a hopeful stab in the dark that paid off. By hiding the "error" cases from view, you create a "miracle".
Evolution works the same way: all the dumb mistakes tend to be invisible, so all we see is a stupendous string of triumphs. For instance, over 90% of all the creatures that have ever lived died childless, but not a single one of your ancestors suffered that fate. Talk about a line of charmed lives!
The main difference between science and stage magic is that in science you make your mistakes in public. You show them off, so that everybody can learn from them--not just yourself. This way, you get the benefit of everybody else's experience, and not just your own idiosyncratic path through the space of mistakes. This, by the way, is what makes us so much smarter than every other species. It is not so much that our brains are bigger or more powerful, but that we share the benefits that our individual brains have won by their individual histories of trial and error.
The secret is knowing when and how to make mistakes, so that nobody gets hurt and everybody can learn from the experience. It is amazing to me how many really smart people don't understand this. I know distinguished researchers who will go to preposterous lengths to avoid having to acknowledge that they were wrong about something--even something quite trivial. What they have never noticed, apparently, is that the earth does not swallow people up when they say, "Oops, you're right. I guess I made a mistake." You will find that people love pointing out your mistakes. If they are generous-spirited, they will appreciate you more for giving them the opportunity to help, and acknowledging it when they succeed, and if they are mean-spirited they will enjoy showing you up. Either way, you--and we all--win.
Of course people do not enjoy correcting the stupid mistakes of others. You have to have something bold and interesting to say, something original to be right or wrong about, and that requires building the sort of pyramid of risky thinking we saw in the card magician's tricks. And then there's a surprise bonus: if you are one of the big risk-takers, people will even get a kick out of correcting your stupid mistakes, which show that you're not so special, you're a regular bungler like the rest of us. I know philosophers who have never--apparently--made a mistake in their work. Their specialty is pointing out the mistakes of others, and this can be a valuable service, but nobody excuses their errors with a friendly chuckle.
We don't usually have to risk life and limb in order to learn from our mistakes, but we do have to keep track, and actually attend to them. The key to that is first, not to try to hide your mistakes. If you hide them, you may, like the magician, enhance your reputation, but this is a short-range solution that will come to haunt you in the long run. Second, you must learn not to deny to yourself that you have made them or try to forget them. That is not easy. The natural human reaction to mistake is embarrassment and anger, and you have to work hard to overcome these emotional reactions. Try to acquire the weird practice of savoring your mistakes, delighting in uncovering the strange quirks that led you astray. Then, once you have sucked out all the goodness to be gained from having made them, you can cheerfully forget them, and go on to the next big opportunity.
You are going to make lots of mistakes in your life, and some of them, unless you truly do lead a charmed life, will really hurt--yourself and others. Here are some ways of making the best of it, since the more you learn from the relatively painless mistakes, the less likely you are to commit the awful variety.
sabato 16 giugno 2007
Work-Life Balance
Questa semplice metafora raccontata dal CEO della Coca Cola durante un convegno, rispecchia uno dei problemi più grandi del nostro tempo: il work-life balance, quel sottile e molto spesso abusato equilibrio tra il lavoro e le restanti occupazioni che formano la nostra vita.
Nel caso in cui l'uomo o la donna siano stati così bravi, determinati ed abbiano avuto quel pizzico di fortuna (creata comunque e sempre da loro stessi) da avere un lavoro che li appassiona fino in fondo e che quindi non considerano come un vero e proprio lavoro, allora la parte spirituale ed il tempo libero potranno essere introdotti all'interno di questa sfera; la qualità della vita in questo caso sarà talmente alta che troveranno posto anche le altre sfere, anche se a volte in maniera minore (il che deve accadere il meno possibile, o solo in alcuni periodi, perchè la mente e lo spirito hanno certamente bisogno di serate a cena con amici e giornate in famiglia, momenti di rilassamento di mente e corpo in cui le normali occupazioni, pure appassionanti, non rientrano.)
Nel caso in cui invece il lavoro rappresenti più che altro il mezzo con cui pagare le classiche bollette, anche se comunque occorre sempre cercarsi anche in questi casi dei momenti di soddisfazioni per il lavoro svolto, questo non deve rubare tempo alle altre zone d'importanza della nostra vita, non ci deve assestare continuamente scossoni che si pagheranno poi con sfere di vetro incrinate o rotte in mille pezzi. La work-life balance viene celebrata come nuovo elemento fondamentale da recuperare in una vita dove, soprattutto in alcuni Paesi come gli Stati Uniti e l'Inghilterra, lavorare sembra tutto e dove il PIL deve essere sempre in crescita.
Dato che scienziati hanno più volte dimostrato che il PIL non rappresenta minimamente la felicità delle persone di un Paese, anzi spesso rappresenta l'elemento di una corsa alienante ad una continua produzione di futuro incerto, non lasciatevi trasportare dal flusso, poichè è facile rimandare altre cose che non sono socì"urgenti."
giovedì 14 giugno 2007
Non pecchiamo di vittimismo!
per una volta, incredibilmente, non sono completamente d'accordo con te. Non tanto con l'argomento, il precariato in Italia, ma con il metodo di divulgazione
sto leggendo con curiosità il libro "Schiavi Moderni" e mi resta, appunto, la curiosità.
Parlano ragazzi laureati di tutta Italia, che si lamentano di non riuscire a portare a casa più di 300-400 euro al mese e che devono quindi vivere ancora a casa. Laureati.
Rimango curioso ed un pò perplesso. Sono d'accordo, lo Stato sta facendo passi da gigante ALL'INDIETRO sul mercato del lavoro, e sono d'accordo, le aziende stanno abilmente sfruttando i contratti a progetto per ridurre i costi fissi, ma resto perplesso.
Intorno a me incontro gente un pò diversa. Laureati, come me, quindi tutti PRIVILEGIATI. E non si lamentano, o almeno, non ne hanno ragione. perchè dopo lotte, sbattimenti incredibili, con i denti e con le unghie, sono dove volevano arrivare.
Io mi sono laureato (e quindi mi considero anch'io un privilegiato) lavorando dal terzo anno di scuola. Ho iniziato il primo anno a lavorare da una parte all'altra, come libero professionista, facendo di tutto (d'estate anche lo sguattero nei bar di Londra): la media era 12-14 ore al giorno. Non guadagnavo molto, ma avevo un obiettivo davanti a me e non avevo la voglia nè il tempo per lamentarmi. dopo due o tre anni a lavorare fino alle 2 del mattino, ho ingranato. Come me, ho incontrato tante persone, anche in Paesi molto più disastrati del nostro, giovani dipendenti laureati con stipendi d'oro e, soprattutto, una volontà di ferro. Non ho sentito un lamento, solo progetti. Una ragazza slovena che ho conosciuto poco tempo fa, dopo grandi fatiche e lotte, a 29 anni ha lasciato il lavoro che si era conquistata con il sangue: prendeva 4000 euro al mese. adesso è molto più felice. E non si lamenta. Anche se guadagna molto meno.
Ci sono sicuramente delle eccezioni, ma mi rimane un dubbio sul metodo, in questo caso, con cui si fomenta, sto parlando in questo caso preciso dei laureati, questa voglia di lamentarsi. Assolutamente un diritto da mantenere, ma si rischia troppo spesso di cadere nel vittimismo. Vorrei sapere quanti Curricula al giorno mandano questi laureati ai call-centre, per cambiare lavoro. Io i primi tempi ne mandavo 50-100 al giorno. Tutti i giorni. Poi lettere, con i soldi che guadagnavo. entravo in posta con gli scatoloni pieni di lettere. andavo a bussare a ogni porta, lasciavo il mio scarno CV. Quando i nominativi finivano, ricominciavo; il marketing insegna, più rompi i coglioni meglio è. Così fino alle 2 del mattino, a volte, sabato e domenica inclusi. E' durato poco: dopo un anno potevo già permettermi di essere libero il weekend. Stessa cosa altri amici e conoscenti. che non si lamentano, vanno dritti dove vogliono andare, qualsiasi sia la loro condizione familiare, di reddito, ecc. Ci sono delle eccezioni, non lo nego, ma rimangono delle eccezioni. occorre in questo caso stare attenti che le lamentele non sfocino in un passivo vittimismo e infondere forse un pò di sano "pepe nel culo" a tali laureati che non trovano lavoro. perchè all'estero ci si laurea a 22-23 anni. in italia la media è 26-27. I laureati dichiarano che, cazzo, in Italia l'università è molto più difficile. Io non credo sia questa grande tragedia, e ho visto moltissimi che non potevano permettersi gli studi arrivare in fondo lavorando la sera. Sì, si lamentano ogni tanto, va bene, ma vanno avanti come treni. Forse più lentamente di quanto vorrebbero. Ma evitano il call-centre a 300 euro al mese a 35 anni. occore restituire un pò di sana responsabilità ai laureati e ai giovani in generale, in Italia, perchè credono che tutto sia un diritto. All'università alcuni studenti mostravano perfettamente l'atteggiamento del giovane oggi in Italia (non di tutti, per fortuna): quando si dovevano lamentare, marciavano dritti in segreteria: con mamma e papà. Magari a 22 anni. A 22, a Londra, un ragazzo lavora già. E alcuni miei amici, a 24, hanno già comprato l'appartamento. Qui invece, chiamiamo mamma e papà in soccorso. C'è una gran bella differenza.
Lorenzo
mercoledì 13 giugno 2007
Effetto Paris Hilton
Funky Business
Pianifica obiettivi SMART, intelligenti
S = SpecificM = MeasurableA = Attainable R = RealisticT = Timely
Per comodità ho preferito “italianizzarlo” in:
S = SpecificoM = MeasurabileA = Raggiungibile R = RealisticoT = Con una scadenza
SPECIFICO Sii specifico! Quando ti poni degli obiettivi stai dando delle istruzioni alla tua mente. Così come quando diamo indicazioni a qualcuno sulla strada per raggiungere un posto tanto più saremo precisi tanto più facile sarà per lui/lei raggiungere la destinazione allo stesso modo un obiettivo chiaro e specifico sarà molto più facile da raggiungere.Quindi, cosa vuoi esattamente?Migliorare la propria forma fisica, ad esempio, non è un obiettivo specifico. Cosa deve accadere perchè tu sia in una forma fisica migliore? Devi poter fare 5 piani di scale senza avere il fiatone? oppure correre 30 minuti al giorno? questi sono obiettivi specifici!Descrivi l’obiettivo in termini positivi (ad esempio voglio pesare 60 Kg anziché voglio perdere 10 Kg, oppure voglio risparmiare 10.000 € anziché voglio avere meno debiti); immagina come ti sentirai quando lo avrai raggiunto, creati un’immagine chiara e vivida del tuo obiettivo già realizzato.
MISURABILE Come farai a sapere di aver raggiunto il tuo obiettivo? cosa deve accadere? quali indicatori ti permettono di stabilire a che punto sei rispetto al tuo traguardo?Se, ad esempio, il tuo obiettivo è “leggere di più” non è abbastanza misurabile: quanti libri o articoli vuoi leggere? quanti minuti al giorno vuoi dedicare alla lettura?Alcuni obiettivi potrebbero sembrare difficili da misurare. Poniamo il caso ad esempio che tu voglia sentirti più sicuro quando parli di fronte ad un gruppo di persone, come fare per avere una misura dei progressi? In questo caso puoi stimare su una scala da zero a dieci quanto ti senti sicuro e porti come obiettivo di arrivare a dieci, il massimo della sicurezza.
RAGGIUNGIBILE Oppure, se preferisci, motivante e ambizioso.Il tuo stato emozionale influirà in maniera determinate sulla facilità e sulla velocità con cui raggiungerai il tuo obbiettivo. Se ti poni degli obiettivi troppo facili da raggiungere o poco stimolanti difficilmente rimarrai concentrato su di essi a lungo.Uno studente universitario che ha come obiettivo quello di laurearsi entro sette anni dall’iscrizione con la media del 19 probabilmente non sarà particolarmente coinvolto dall’impresa. Diversamente avere l’obiettivo di laurearsi in anticipo rispetto al piano di studi e con il massimo dei voti rappresenta una sfida molto più accattivante (e difficile), si tratta di una prospettiva decisamente molto emozionante.Un ottimo sistema per rendere più stimolante un obiettivo che considerate tranquillamente raggiungibile è anticipare la data entro cui volete raggiungerlo.
REALISTICO Se è vero che è meglio stabilire obbiettivi ambiziosi bisogna anche fare attenzione a non esagerare. Obbiettivi troppo lontani dalla realtà rischiano di non essere mai presi realmente in considerazione.L’idea di guadagnare un milione di euro l’anno prossimo potrebbe essere un obiettivo ambizioso ed entusiasmante per molte persone. Tuttavia se mancano tutte le condizioni necessarie affinché ciò avvenga (e vincere alla lotteria risulta l’unica via percorribile) tenderemo a non credere mai nella possibilità di raggiungere l’obiettivo con conseguenze negative sulle nostre azioni.Meglio allora stabilire degli obiettivi intermedi, motivanti e raggiungibili.Come detto in precedenza raggiungere un obbiettivo deve costarti il giusto impegno; obbiettivi troppo difficili rischiano di demotivarti, quelli troppo semplici abbassano l’autostima.
CON UNA SCADENZA Stabilisci una data entro cui raggiungere l’obiettivo. E’ importante che tu stabilisca un giorno preciso.Se il termine per raggiungere l’obiettivo è la fine dell’anno scriviti come termine il 31 dicembre dell’anno in corso.Se per raggiungere il tuo obiettivo ti servono tre settimane guarda che giorno sarà tre settimane dopo aver fissato l’obiettivo e usa il giorno esatto come data.Stabilire un giorno preciso aggiunge pressione positiva, la data di scadenza si avvicina inesorabilmente, giorno dopo giorno, spingendoti verso il tuo obiettivo.
Source: Il Tuo Coach - blog (vedi links)
martedì 12 giugno 2007
Alejandro Jodorowsky
L'Italia Spensierata - Francesco Piccolo
La Strega di Portobello - Paulo Coelho
SAM WALTON: le dieci regole per un business di successo.
After attending the University of Missouri, he immediately worked for J.C. Penny where he got his first taste of retailing. He served in World War II, after which he became a successful franchiser of Ben Franklin five-and-dime stores. In 1962, he had the idea of opening bigger stores, sticking to rural areas, keeping costs low and discounting heavily. The management disagreed with his vision. Undaunted, Walton pursued his vision, founded Wal-Mart and started a retailing success story. When Walton died in 1992, the family's net worth approached $25 billion.
Today, Wal-Mart is the world's #1 retailer, with more than 4,150 stores, including discount stores, combination discount and grocery stores, and membership-only warehouse stores (Sam's Club). Learn Walton's winning formula for business.
Rule 1: Commit to your business. Believe in it more than anybody else. I think I overcame every single one of my personal shortcomings by the sheer passion I brought to my work. I don't know if you're born with this kind of passion, or if you can learn it. But I do know you need it. If you love your work, you'll be out there every day trying to do it the best you possibly can, and pretty soon everybody around will catch the passion from you — like a fever.
Rule 2: Share your profits with all your associates, and treat them as partners. In turn, they will treat you as a partner, and together you will all perform beyond your wildest expectations. Remain a corporation and retain control if you like, but behave as a servant leader in your partnership. Encourage your associates to hold a stake in the company. Offer discounted stock, and grant them stock for their retirement. It's the single best thing we ever did.
Rule 3: Motivate your partners. Money and ownership alone aren't enough. Constantly, day by day, think of new and more interesting ways to motivate and challenge your partners. Set high goals, encourage competition, and then keep score. Make bets with outrageous payoffs. If things get stale, cross-pollinate; have managers switch jobs with one another to stay challenged. Keep everybody guessing as to what your next trick is going to be. Don't become too predictable.
Rule 4: Communicate everything you possibly can to your partners. The more they know, the more they'll understand. The more they understand, the more they'll care. Once they care, there's no stopping them. If you don't trust your associates to know what's going on, they'll know you really don't consider them partners. Information is power, and the gain you get from empowering your associates more than offsets the risk of informing your competitors.
Rule 5: Appreciate everything your associates do for the business. A paycheck and a stock option will buy one kind of loyalty. But all of us like to be told how much somebody appreciates what we do for them. We like to hear it often, and especially when we have done something we're really proud of. Nothing else can quite substitute for a few well-chosen, well-timed, sincere words of praise. They're absolutely free — and worth a fortune.
Rule 6: Celebrate your success. Find some humor in your failures. Don't take yourself so seriously. Loosen up, and everybody around you will loosen up. Have fun. Show enthusiasm — always. When all else fails, put on a costume and sing a silly song. Then make everybody else sing with you. Don't do a hula on Wall Street. It's been done. Think up your own stunt. All of this is more important, and more fun, than you think, and it really fools competition. "Why should we take those cornballs at Wal-Mart seriously?"
Rule 7: Listen to everyone in your company and figure out ways to get them talking. The folks on the front lines — the ones who actually talk to the customer — are the only ones who really know what's going on out there. You'd better find out what they know. This really is what total quality is all about. To push responsibility down in your organization, and to force good ideas to bubble up within it, you must listen to what your associates are trying to tell you.
Rule 8: Exceed your customer's expectations. If you do, they'll come back over and over. Give them what they want — and a little more. Let them know you appreciate them. Make good on all your mistakes, and don't make excuses — apologize. Stand behind everything you do. The two most important words I ever wrote were on that first Wal-Mart sign: "Satisfaction Guaranteed." They're still up there, and they have made all the difference.
Rule 9: Control your expenses better than your competition. This is where you can always find the competitive advantage. For twenty-five years running — long before Wal-Mart was known as the nation's largest retailer — we've ranked No. 1 in our industry for the lowest ratio of expenses to sales. You can make a lot of different mistakes and still recover if you run an efficient operation. Or you can be brilliant and still go out of business if you're too inefficient.
Il Fattore I. Per una teoria generale dell'imbecillità
lunedì 11 giugno 2007
Stay Hungry! Stay Foolish!
Quello che segue è il discorso di Steve Jobs, CEO di Apple e di Pixar, agli studenti di Stanford. Dalle parole di Jobs traspare l'arduo cammino per arrivare in cima alla fondazione di Apple, e soprattutto la creatività con cui si è costruito da solo ed i rischi che ha corso per realizzare ciò che voleva, lasciando la scuola dopo un semestre e frequentando solo le lezioni che più gli interessavano.
Jobs, oratore non magistrale ma sicuramente portatore di un messaggio potente, ci sprona a rimanere sempre "affamati," desiderosi, non arrendersi mai e soprattutto rimanere un pò foolish, mantenere sempre quel tocco di follia che serve per liberarci da cammini comvenzionali che a volte ci intrappolano in una vita non nostra e che possono essere scrollati via con un pò di sana pazzia.
Il messaggi0:
"Quando avevo 17 anni ho letto una frase che recitava: "se vivi ogni giorno come se fosse l'ultimo, prima o poi avrai ragione." Fui colpito dal messaggio e per i successivi 33 anni mi sono guardato allo specchio ogni mattino e mi sono chiesto: " se oggi fosse l'ultimo giorno della mia, vorrei fare quello che sto per fare oggi?" Se la risposta rimane no per troppi giorni di fila, so che occorre cambiare qualcosa."
"Ricordarmi che presto morirò è lo strumento più importante per aiutarmi a prendere le decisioni più importanti nella vita, perchè tutto, aspettative degli altri, orgoglio, timore di essere sbeffeggiato o di fallire, di fronte alla morte si dissolvono al vento, lasciando solo ciò che è veramente importante. Ricordarti che un giorno morirai è il modo migliore per evitare di illuderti del fatto che hai qualcosa da perdere. Sei già nudo, non c'è ragione per non seguire il tuo cuore."
"Hai un tempo limitato, non sprecarlo vivendo la vita di qualcun altro. Non rimanere intrappolato nel dogma, cioè vivere seguendo il pensiero altrui. Non lasciare che il fragore delle opinioni altrui soffochino la tua voce interiore e soprattutto , abbi il coraggio di seguire il tuo cuore ed il tuo istinto, perchè conservano già la conoscenza di ciò che vuoi diventare.
Tutto il resto è secondario."
Ecco il testo completo:
Stanford Report, June 14, 2005
Text of Steve Jobs' Commencement address (2005)
This is the text of the Commencement address by Steve Jobs, CEO of Apple Computer and of Pixar Animation Studios, delivered on June 12, 2005.
I am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. I never graduated from college. Truth be told, this is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation. Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That's it. No big deal. Just three stories.
The first story is about connecting the dots.
I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out?
It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking: "We have an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?" They said: "Of course." My biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would someday go to college.
And 17 years later I did go to college. But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldn't see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting.
It wasn't all romantic. I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5¢ deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example:
Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand calligraphed. Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about serif and san serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and I found it fascinating.
None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me. And we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. And since Windows just copied the Mac, its likely that no personal computer would have them. If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. But it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later.
Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something — your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life.
My second story is about love and loss.
I was lucky — I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and I started Apple in my parents garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. We had just released our finest creation — the Macintosh — a year earlier, and I had just turned 30. And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out. When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him. So at 30 I was out. And very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.
I really didn't know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down - that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly. I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away from the valley. But something slowly began to dawn on me — I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over.
I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.
During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT, another company named Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. Pixar went on to create the worlds first computer animated feature film, Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world. In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT, I returned to Apple, and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple's current renaissance. And Laurene and I have a wonderful family together.
I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't been fired from Apple. It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Don't lose faith. I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. You've got to find what you love. And that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers. Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven't found it yet, keep looking. Don't settle. As with all matters of the heart, you'll know when you find it. And, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on. So keep looking until you find it. Don't settle.
My third story is about death.
When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: "If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right." It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself: "If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?" And whenever the answer has been "No" for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something.
Remembering that I'll be dead soon is the most important tool I've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost everything — all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure - these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.
About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer. I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. I didn't even know what a pancreas was. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months. My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor's code for prepare to die. It means to try to tell your kids everything you thought you'd have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months. It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. It means to say your goodbyes.
I lived with that diagnosis all day. Later that evening I had a biopsy, where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach and into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor. I was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope the doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery. I had the surgery and I'm fine now.
This was the closest I've been to facing death, and I hope its the closest I get for a few more decades. Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept:
No one wants to die. Even people who want to go to heaven don't want to die to get there. And yet death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be, because Death is very likely the single best invention of Life. It is Life's change agent. It clears out the old to make way for the new. Right now the new is you, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away. Sorry to be so dramatic, but it is quite true.
Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life. Don't be trapped by dogma — which is living with the results of other people's thinking. Don't let the noise of others' opinions drown out your own inner voice. And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary.
When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog, which was one of the bibles of my generation. It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch. This was in the late 1960's, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and polaroid cameras. It was sort of like Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along: it was idealistic, and overflowing with neat tools and great notions.
Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words: "Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish." It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you.
Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.
Thank you all very much.
Le Lacrime di Nietzsche
Nietzsche gli suggerisce che il suo malessere è causato dal fatto che il suo petto stia bruciando di vita non vissuta e i due si lanciano in una appassionante scherma filosofica in cui emerge la voce stentorea di Nietzsche che gli ordina di essere sè stesso e gli pone una domanda che smuove le fondamenta della vita del medico: se dovessi rivivere la tua vita eternamente, giorno per giorno, sempre la stessa, saresti felice? Se la risposta è no, significa che devi cambiare, devi lasciarti alle spalle la tua "vita non vissuta" e lottare per prendere il controllo del tuo destino, il che è "terribile e meraviglioso." Il romanzo ha ispirato anche il titolo del blog, che tratta di esperienze, corsi, lezioni, biografie, storie, libri che posso mostrarci come vivere una vita veramente appagante e senza rimorsi, difficile ma avventurosa, sempre all'inseguimento di un sogno.